History of Legal Medicine in Italy, personalities with remarkable contributions to the development of Forensic Medicine:

• 1394: Medico-legal autopsies were first authorized in Pavia. 
• Paolo Zacchia (1584-1659): his main published book was "Quaestiones medico-legales" in 9 volumes
• Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909): anthropologist, criminologist and lawyer, published L'uomo delinquente (1876). He popularized the theory of "born criminal" and claimed the criminals have particular physiognomic attributes - atavistic stigmata (like large jaws, low sloping foreheads, handle-shaped ears, fleshy lips, large and prominent chins). Lombroso was the first president of the Italian Medico-Legal Association (1897)

Affiliation of Legal Medicine: universities and independent experts (private praxis) appointed by Court or Police.

No. of forensic pathologists:

Specialization: independent speciality, 4 years postgraduate training

Activity: traumatology, forensic autopsies, labour capacity, insurance medicine, BAC analysis, forensic toxicology.

University Legal Medicine education: 

INSTITUTES OF LEGAL AND INSURANCE MEDICINE IN ITALY:

1. Institute of Legal and Insurance Medicine, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome
2. Institute of Legal and Insurance Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano
3. Dept. of Legal Medicine - Universita degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1 - 20126, Milano - tel. 02 6448 1, email: redazioneweb@unimib.it
4. Universita degli studi di Udine, Dipartimento di Ricerche Mediche e Morfologiche, Sezione di Medicina Legale. Paizzale Santa Maria della Misericordia no. 11, tel. +390432554363, e-mail: ist.medleg@uniud.it
5. Studio Indagini Mediche e Forensi (Office of Medical and Forensic Investigations), Via Nicolò da Reggio 4 89128 Reggio Calabria

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